VERBO TO BE
O verbo “to be” pode expressar dois
significados: ser ou estar. Logo, tanto para dizer que eu sou uma
professora (I am a teacher), quanto para dizer que eu
estou na escola (I am at school), deve-se
utilizar o verbo “to be”.
O verbo “to be” no presente se conjuga
em “am”, “is” e“are”. Segue uma tabela para indicar o
uso correto do verbo “to be” no presente:
Personal
Pronouns (Pronomes pessoais)
|
Verbo “to be” no presente
|
I
|
am (sou/estou)
|
You
|
are (é /está)
|
He
|
is (é/está)
|
She
|
is (é/está)
|
It
|
is (é/está)
|
We
|
are (somos/estamos)
|
You
|
are (são/estão)
|
They
|
are (são/estão)
|
Ex.:
You are a student.
(Você é um aluno).
He is my neighbor. (Ele é meu vizinho).
She is at the supermarket. (Ela está no supermercado).
The dog is outside. (O cão está lá fora).
We are friends. (Nós somos amigas).
You are my enemies. (Vocês são meus inimigos).
They are upstairs. (Eles estão lá em cima).
He is my neighbor. (Ele é meu vizinho).
She is at the supermarket. (Ela está no supermercado).
The dog is outside. (O cão está lá fora).
We are friends. (Nós somos amigas).
You are my enemies. (Vocês são meus inimigos).
They are upstairs. (Eles estão lá em cima).
Para a forma negativa, basta acrescentar “not”
após o verbo “to be” (am, is, are):
They
are not in their bedroom.
(Eles não estão no quarto deles).
We are not nurses. (Nós não somos enfermeiras).
I am not your teacher. (Eu não sou sua professora).
We are not nurses. (Nós não somos enfermeiras).
I am not your teacher. (Eu não sou sua professora).
É possível abreviar a verbo “to be”
com o “not”. Essa forma é bastante utilizada na conversação. Segue
abaixo uma lista com as possíveis abreviações para a forma negativa:
Verbo to be na negativa
|
|
I am not
|
I’m not
|
You are not
|
You aren’t
|
He is not
|
He isn’t
|
She is not
|
She isn’t
|
It is not
|
It isn’t
|
We are not
|
We aren’t
|
You are not
|
You aren’t
|
They are not
|
They aren’t
|
Para a forma interrogativa, basta inverter o
verbo “to be” (am, is, are), colocando-o no início da frase:
Is
she your sister? (Ela é sua
irmã?)
Are we on the right road? (Nós estamos na estrada certa?)
Are you my classmate? (Você é meu colega de classe?)
Are we on the right road? (Nós estamos na estrada certa?)
Are you my classmate? (Você é meu colega de classe?)
SIMPLE PAST
CONJUGAÇÃO DO VERBO TO BE NO PASSADO:
I WAS
YOU WERE
HE WAS
SHE WAS
IT WAS
WE WERE
YOU WERE
THEY WERE
CONJUGAÇÃO DO VERBO TO BE NO PASSADO NA FORMA
NEGATIVA:
I WAS NOT/WASN'T
YOU WERE NOT/ WEREN'T
HE WAS NOT/ WASN'T
SHE WAS NOT/ WASN'T
IT WAS NOT/ WASN'T
WE WERE NOT/ WEREN'T
YOU WERE NOT/ WEREN'T
THEY WERE NOT/ WEREN'T
CONJUGAÇÃO DO VERBO TO BE NO PASSADO NA FORMA
INTERROGATIVA:
WAS I?
WERE YOU?
WAS HE?
WAS SHE?
WAS IT?
WERE WE?
WERE YOU?
WERE THEY?
Afirmação: They were happy. (Eles estavam
felizes)
Negativa: They weren’t happy. (Eles não estavam
felizes.)
Pergunta: Were they happy? (Eles estavam felizes?)
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Os pronomes pessoais em Inglês também são conhecidos
como pronomes sujeitos. São aqueles que dizem respeito às pessoas gramaticais.
I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they.
Pronomes Pessoais (Personal Pronouns)
CASO RETO (sujeito)
|
CASO OBLÍQUO (objeto)
|
||
SUBJECT PRONOUN
|
OBJECT PRONOUN
|
||
I
|
Eu
|
ME
|
Me, mim
|
YOU
|
Você, tu
|
YOU
|
Lhe, o, a, te, ti, a você
|
HE
|
Ele
|
HIM
|
Lhe, a, a ele
|
SHE
|
Ela
|
HER
|
Lhe, a, a ela
|
IT
|
Ele, ela (neutro)
|
IT
|
Lhe, o, a
|
WE
|
Nós
|
US
|
Nos
|
YOU
|
Vocês, vós
|
YOU
|
Vos, lhes, a vocês
|
THEY
|
Eles, elas (neutro)
|
THEM
|
Lhes, os, as
|
Observem nos exemplos as diferenças ente o sujeito
e objeto:
She saw her at
the supermarket.
Ela a viu no supermercado.
Ela a viu no supermercado.
She saw us at
the restaurant.
Ela nos viu no restaurante.
Ela nos viu no restaurante.
OBJECT
PRONOUNS
Os pronomes objetos servem para substituir os objetos diretos ou indiretos.
Eles sempre devem vir após verbos ou preposições.
Ex.:
I love Bob. (Eu amo o Bob).
or (ou)
I love him.
(Eu o amo).
No exemplo acima, o pronome him deve ser utilizado, pois ele
vem logo após um verbo (love -
amar) e substitui um objeto direto, Bob. Outro caso é quando o pronome é usado
para substituir um objeto indireto, como em:
I bought these sunglasses to Lisa. (Eu comprei esses óculos de sol para a Lisa).
Or (ou)
I bought these sunglasses to her. (Eu
comprei esses óculos de sol para ela).
Assim como em português não dizemos: “Minha mãe comprou esse presente
para eu” e sim “Minha mãe comprou esse presente para mim”; em inglês devemos
seguir essa mesma regra. Logo, não podemos dizer: “My sister gave this
chocolate to I” (Minha irmã deu este chocolate para eu) e sim, “My sister gave
this chocolate to me”. (Minha irmã deu esse chocolate para mim).
EXERCISES
1-Use the correct
personal pronoun (subject).
a)___SHE___ often reads books. (Leila)
b)___HE__ is watching TV. (Alan)
c)___IT___is
green. (the dress)
d)___THEY__are on
the wall. (the pictures)
e)____IT____ is running. (the cat)
f)___WE___ are watching TV. (my sister and I)
g)____THEY___ are in the garden. (the roses)
h)____HE____ is driving his car. (John)
i)___SHE_____ is from Bristol. (Liza)
j)__SHE_____ has got a brother. (Diana)
k)Have___YOU___
got a car, Sue?
2-Use the correct personal pronouns (object)
a)I can't see Mary. I can't see ________
him
she
her
b) Karen is
next to Peter. Karen is next to ________
he
him
he
c) Can you help
Peter and Ann? Can you help ________?
they
you
them
d)Drink your
apple juice! Drink ________!
it
its
your
e) We are going to the cinema. Come with ________!
we
them
us
f) These are my bananas. You can't eat ________
they
them
it
g) Carol is at school. She can't come with ________
we
us
they
h) The cat is under the chair. Can you see __________?
it
we
they
1)
Complete with Was or Were! (Complete com Was ou Were):
a) Maryann____WAS___ my first girlfriend.
b) I ___WAS____ in Rio de Janeiro in February.
c) The cat ___WAS____ sick last week.
d) We __WERE______ at John's house last weekend.
e) They ___WERE_____ on vacation last July.
f) He and I __WERE_____ not a good English student.
g) She __WAS____ happy with the new dress.
2) Change the phrases to affirmative and negative form.
Mude as frases para a forma Afirmativa e Negativa.
a) Were James and I in new York last month?
A- ___JAMES AND I WERE IN NEW YORK LAST MONTH______________________________
N- __JAMES AND I WEREN'T IN NEW YORK LAST MONTH_______________________________
b) Were the birds hungry?
A- _THE BIRDS WERE HUNGRY________________________________N- __THE BIRDS WEREN'T HUNGRY_______________________________
c) Was she my girlfriend?
A- _SHE WAS MY GIRLFRIEND________________________________
N- ___SHE WASN'T MY GIRLFRIEND______________________________
d) Was the car very expensive ?
A- ___THE CAR WAS VERY EXPENSIVE______________________________
N- ___THE CAR WASN'T VERY EXPENSIVE______________________________
a) Maryann____WAS___ my first girlfriend.
b) I ___WAS____ in Rio de Janeiro in February.
c) The cat ___WAS____ sick last week.
d) We __WERE______ at John's house last weekend.
e) They ___WERE_____ on vacation last July.
f) He and I __WERE_____ not a good English student.
g) She __WAS____ happy with the new dress.
2) Change the phrases to affirmative and negative form.
Mude as frases para a forma Afirmativa e Negativa.
a) Were James and I in new York last month?
A- ___JAMES AND I WERE IN NEW YORK LAST MONTH______________________________
N- __JAMES AND I WEREN'T IN NEW YORK LAST MONTH_______________________________
b) Were the birds hungry?
A- _THE BIRDS WERE HUNGRY________________________________N- __THE BIRDS WEREN'T HUNGRY_______________________________
c) Was she my girlfriend?
A- _SHE WAS MY GIRLFRIEND________________________________
N- ___SHE WASN'T MY GIRLFRIEND______________________________
d) Was the car very expensive ?
A- ___THE CAR WAS VERY EXPENSIVE______________________________
N- ___THE CAR WASN'T VERY EXPENSIVE______________________________
FONTES:
www.englishexperts.com.br
www.infoescola.com.br
www.brasilescola.com.br
penseingles.com.br
englishexercises.org
www.learnenglish-online.com
(acesso em 02/03/2015)
